There are problems with the inspection procedures for packaging inspections of dangerous goods in cartons and drums and inspection procedures for non-dangerous goods packaging.
The packaging testing standards (sea shipping) we now implement are mainly divided into two major categories: one is "SN0449.295 Performance Inspection of Packaging Export Inspection Regulations for Dangerous Goods," which is mainly for the performance inspection of dangerous goods packaging containers; the other is The standard for the performance inspection of non-dangerous goods packaging containers. For cartons and cardboard drums, one is "SN/T026293 Inspection Regulations for Shipping Packages of Export Commodities," and the other is "SN/T 027093 Inspection Rules for Shipping Packages for Export Commodities."
In the “SN0449.295 Performance Test for Inspection of Shipping Dangerous Goods Packaging Inspection Regulations” (referred to as SN0449.295 standard), it is stipulated that there are three categories according to the degree of danger of the dangerous goods contained therein:
Class I packaging is suitable for highly dangerous goods; Class II packaging is suitable for moderately dangerous goods; Class III packaging is suitable for low-risk goods.
Depending on the type of danger level of the loaded goods, the performance inspection requirements for the packaging containers vary. The higher the category of dangerous goods, the higher the requirement for the required packaging performance inspection. That is, the inspection requirements for the packaging performance of dangerous goods loaded with Class I should be higher than the inspection requirements for packaging performance of dangerous goods loaded with Class II. The inspection requirements for packaging performance of Class II dangerous goods shall be higher than the inspection requirements for packaging performance of Class III dangerous goods. In use, we allow packing containers that can pass Class I packaging performance inspections. Class II and Class III dangerous goods can be loaded. Packaging containers that pass Class II packaging performance inspections can hold Class III dangerous goods, but vice versa. As a corollary, can we think that packaging containers that pass the inspection of dangerous goods packaging performance must be loaded with non-dangerous goods? Generally speaking, it is possible. Many of them are doing this during the operation. However, in fact, there are problems from the current inspection standards.
In the "SN0449.295" standard, there are two tests for carton performance testing: drop test and stacking test.
The drop test requires 5 sets of sample boxes with stipulated weight simulants, which are dropped after being subjected to constant temperature and humidity treatment. The drop height is 1.8m for type I packaging, 1.2m for type II packaging, and 0.8m for type III packaging. Each sample box falls once. Drops are top, bottom, long sides, short sides, short edges or corners. The criterion is that the five sample boxes will not be broken after being dropped, and the contents will not be leaked as qualified.
In the stacking test, 3 sample boxes with stipulated weights were loaded. After constant temperature and humidity treatment, stacking tests were performed under constant temperature and humidity conditions. The stacking time was 24 hours. The stacking weight was calculated using the following formula: M=( XH-1) · M1 - M stacking weight, in units of kg; X - minimum stacking height, take 3m; H - the height of a single package, that is, the height of the carton, in units of m; M1 - gross weight of a single package, That is, the gross weight of the carton is in kg. The criterion for the decision is: none of the 3 sample boxes will break or collapse.
In the SN/T0262 exporter's transport packaging and packaging corrugated carton Inspection Procedures (referred to as SN/T0262 standard), the drop test requires 3 packs of the prescribed weight simulation sample box to be dropped after constant temperature and humidity treatment, the sample weight is 15 In the range of ~30kg, the drop height is 0.8m. One sample box is dropped 7 times. Under normal circumstances, it begins to fall from a certain angle and three surfaces and three edges that make up the angle. The criterion is that 3 sample boxes are dropped. None of them will break afterwards and the contents will not be spilled.
Stacking test, 3 sets of sample boxes with stipulated weights, after constant temperature and humidity treatment, stacking under constant temperature and humidity conditions, stacking time is 24h, stacking weight is calculated using the following formula: M=K· (XH)·M1
M-stacking weight in the formula, the unit takes kg; X - the minimum stacking height, take 3m; H - the height of a single package, that is, the height of the carton, the unit takes m; M1 - the gross weight of a single package, that is, the gross weight of the carton, the unit takes kg ;K Inferior coefficient, see Table 1 for values.
Analyzing the above two standards, we can easily see that the requirements of SN/T026293 for carton performance inspection are much higher than the SN0449.295 standard for the performance inspection of dangerous goods III packaging carton. From the drop test point of view, in all cases with the same test conditions and the same test method, one carton in the SN/026293 standard has to be dropped seven times, while one carton in the SN0449.295 standard is dropped one time, and the drop height is the same ( For Type III packaging); The stacking weight formula in the SN/T026293 standard in the stacking test is one factor K greater than the stacking weight formula in the SN0449.295 standard, ie stacking the carton in the SN/T026293 standard. The weight is K times the stacking weight of the carton in SN0449.295 standard, at least 1.6 times, so we come to a very contradictory conclusion, that is, the carton performance test requirements for loading ordinary goods are much higher than the loading of dangerous goods carton III. The performance test requirements, in other words, the carton carrying dangerous goods of category III can not be loaded with ordinary goods, this is not a very ridiculous conclusion! This is bound to cause confusion in the packaging management.
The same situation occurs in the performance inspection of cardboard drums. In the SN0449.295 standard, two tests are performed on cardboard drums: drop test and stacking test. Drop test: 6 sample drums with stipulated weights were dropped and dropped after treatment for 24 h under constant temperature and humidity conditions. The height of the drop was 0.8 m for the cardboard drums containing Class III dangerous goods. The 3 sample drums fell. At the bottom corner of the bucket, the other three buckets were grouped and dropped to other weak parts. The criteria for the determination was that none of the 6 buckets broke and the content was not spilled. Stacking test: 3 sample drums with a prescribed weight of simulant were piled after constant temperature and humidity treatment. The stacking time was 24 hours. The stacking weight was calculated using the following formula:
M=(XH-1)·M1
Where M stacking weight, unit to take kg; X minimum stacking height, take 3m; H individual package height, that is cardboard drum height, the unit takes m; M1 single package gross weight, that is, cardboard drum gross weight, the unit takes kg. Judgment criteria: 3 sample buckets are not broken, do not collapse to qualified. The SN/T 027093 standard in the cardboard barrel to do three tests: drop test, stacking test, shear test.
Drop test: 3 buckets with stipulated weight simulant were dropped after 24 h of constant temperature and humidity treatment, each sample bucket was dropped 3 times, (1) the top surface and bottom surface dropped; (2) parallel to the cylinder axis The drop; (3) The drop of the barrel edge (bottom angle of the barrel). The gross weight of the sample barrel is within the range of 15 to 30 kg, and the drop height is 0.8 m. The criteria for determination are: 3 sample buckets are not broken, and the contents are not spilled to be qualified.
Stacking test: 3 buckets with a prescribed weight of simulant were piled by a constant temperature and humidity for 24h and the stacking time was 24h. The stacking weight was calculated using the following formula:
M=K·(XH-1)·M1
In the type M stacking weight, the unit takes kg; X minimum stacking height, take 3m; H gross weight of a single package, that is, the gross weight of the cardboard drum, the unit takes kg; M1 single package gross weight, that is, the gross weight of the cardboard drum, the unit takes kg; K deterioration coefficient, generally take 2.
Judgment criteria: 3 sample buckets are not broken, do not collapse to qualified. Shear resistance test: 3 sample barrels were subjected to a constant temperature and humidity treatment for 24 hours. Three sample barrels were inverted and the bottom of the barrel was upwards. A thick circular board with a diameter of 10 mm less than the bottom of the barrel was placed on the flat surface of the bottom of the barrel. Static pressure to 5000N for 4h.
Criterion: The bottom of the barrel is not qualified.
According to the performance requirements of the two standards for the inspection of cardboard drums, we can draw the same conclusion as carton inspection. That is, the inspection performance of SN/T 027093 standard non-dangerous cardboard drums is much higher than that of SN 0449.295 III dangerous goods. The performance requirements of the cardboard drums are tested because, according to the drop test, under the same test conditions and test methods, the SN 0449.295 standard dropped only once per barrel, while the SN/T 027093 standard dropped three barrels per barrel. From the stacking code test, under the same test conditions and test methods, the SN/027093 standard stacking formula has a factor of K more than the SN0449.295 standard stacking formula, and the K value generally takes two. In other words, the SN/T 027093 standard stacking weight applicable to the inspection of the performance of ordinary goods cardboard drums is twice as high as the SN0449.295 standard for the performance inspection of dangerous goods cardboard drums, not to mention the SN/T 027093 standard for cardboard drums. The performance test adds a shear test, which is not specified in the SN0449.295 standard (by the way, the shear test requirement is very high).
In summary, we seem to conclude that it is the same as the carton performance test. That is, cardboard drums containing Class III dangerous goods cannot be loaded with non-dangerous goods. Obviously this is ridiculous, and in fact it does not work. Is it true that all non-dangerous cargo packaging performance inspection standards are higher than the packaging of Class III dangerous goods packaging performance inspection requirements? Not always, we can find out many such examples that the performance inspection requirements for packaging containers of Class III dangerous goods are not less than the packaging performance requirements for non-dangerous goods, such as the performance inspection of plastic containers, etc., which are not detailed here. .
In short, looking at the current inspection standards for the performance of packaging containers, we can see that some of them are contradictory, confusing, and meanings are not very clear, just as the author has mentioned in the above two examples. This made the testers at a loss and caused hidden troubles in the packaging management of export goods. Source of information: Standardization Forum 31 China's corrugated cartons continue to grow strongly.
Since the reform and opening up, China's corrugated paper box industry has developed rapidly, and its growth rate has always ranked among the top producing countries in the world. According to statistics, from 1995 to 2003, corrugated paper production in China continued to grow. From 1995 to 2001, corrugated paper production in China increased by an average of 1 billion m2 per year, a total increase of 81.4% in 7 years, an average annual increase of 11.6%, which is much higher than the world average growth rate.
Since 1995, corrugated paper production in China has been ranked third in the world, second only to the United States and Japan. In 2002, the output reached 14.8 billion m2, an increase of 10.3%, surpassing Japan, ranking second in the world, second only to the United States. The output in 2003 was about 15.8 billion m2, an increase of about 6.8%. The continuous increase in output is mainly attributable to the progress in production technology, technology, equipment and management of paper companies. With the increase in the production quality and output of domestic and high-grade corrugated paper, the proportion of imported corrugated paper will become smaller and smaller. Imported 1.254 million tons in 2002, less than 1 million tons imported in 2003, indicating that a large number of mid-range and some high-grade cardboard products have achieved self-sufficiency in China. Only some high-grade kraft linerboards and high-strength corrugated papers still need to be imported in recent years.
After China's accession to the WTO, as the world's processing and manufacturing industry has shifted its focus to China, the pace of development of China's packaging industry, especially the corrugated paper box industry, has accelerated. The relevant authoritative department expects to reach 16.537 billion m2 in 2004, and will achieve 20 billion m2 annual consumption in the coming 2005-2008 period. During the “10th Five-Year Plan” period, it is expected that China's paper industry will continue to grow at an annual growth rate of 8%. In 2005, the annual consumption of paper and board in China will reach 50 million tons, of which the consumption of corrugated board will reach 15 million tons. The rapid growth of China's carton sales is in stark contrast to the shrinking sales in Asia and other parts of the world. In recent years, negative growth has occurred in Asia, Singapore, Malaysia, South Korea, and China Taiwan, while China continues to grow at a higher rate. The next six or seven years will be an important period for China's rapid economic development. It will continue to drive the development of China's corrugated paper box industry. This is inextricably linked to the development of the paper industry, paper product processing industry, carton machinery industry and related industries, and effectively promotes paper. Packaging enterprises on the scale, product quality, packaging level. The exchanges between the paper packaging industry and related industries at home and abroad have been increasing. The number of foreign-funded enterprises has increased rapidly. At the same time, foreign advanced technology and equipment have been actively introduced, and foreign advanced management experience has been absorbed to improve product quality and quantity, and to make export goods and domestic demand goods. The packaging package has been significantly improved.
